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Constance, Duchess of Wodzisław
Constance ((ポーランド語:Konstancja)) (died 1351) was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and sovereign Duchess of Wodzisław Śląski from 1324 until her death.
Her name appears twice in contemporary sources: firstly, in a letter of Pope John XXII dated 22 September 1321, where she is named "Duchess of Racibórz",〔"Constantie Ducisse Ratiboriensi". Ref: ''Vetera monumenta Poloniae et Lithuaniae'', ed. by A. Theiner, Rome 1860, vol. I, p. 170, No 259.〕 and secondly in the ''Chronicle of Racibórz'', who give her the title of "Duchess of Wodzisław" (''księżną wodzisławską'') and mentions her death in 1351.〔"Anno MCCCLI feria quinta obiit Constantina preclarissima princeps Ladislawiensis". Ref: ''Ratiborer Chronik'' () "Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens", ed. by A. Weltzel, vol. IV, 1862, p. 115.〕 None of these sources showed Constance's parentage. Historians and sources are agreed that she was a member of the Piast dynasty; however, the difficult of establishing who was her father, caused two theories to emerge about her origins.
The first hypothesis〔This theory is supported by: J. Tęgowski, ''Konstancja'', "Poczet żon królewskich", () "Magazyn Razem", 1987, No 1, pp. 31–32; J. Sperka, ''Konstancja'', () ''Książęta i księżne Górnego Śląska'', red. by A. Barciak, Katowice 1995, pp. 78–79; S.A. Sroka, ''Konstancja'', () ''Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny'', red. by K. Ożóg and S. Szczur, Kraków 1999, pp. 728–729. Kazimierz Jasiński treated this as a conjecture; K. Jasiński, ''Rodowód Piastów śląskich'', Second Edition, Kraków 2007, part III, pp. 542–543, note 3.〕 states that Constance was the daughter of Duke Władysław of Opole and wife of Henry IV Probus, Duke of Wrocław, who repudiated her after several years of marriage. She moved to Racibórz at the court of her brothers Mieszko I and Przemysław, who given to her the district of Wodzisław as her own Duchy, where she remained until her death. Historians who dispute this theory alleged that Władysław of Opole had a daughter of unknown name, who died shortly after her marriage with Henry IV,〔T. Jurek, ''Plany koronacyjne Henryka Probusa'', () ''Śląsk w czasach Henryka IV Prawego'' (Wratislavia antiqua 8), ed. by K. Wachowski, Wrocław 2005, pp. 27–29.〕 or between her repudiation and Henry IV's subsequent marriage.〔R. Grodecki, ''Dzieje polityczne Śląska do r. 1290'', () ''Historia Śląska od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1400'', ed. by S. Kutrzeba, vol. I, Kraków 1933, pp. 293–294; K. Jasiński, ''Rodowód Piastów śląskich'', Second Edition, Kraków 2007, part III, pp. 524–526.〕
According to the second hypothesis,〔This theory is supported by: K. Jasiński, ''Rodowód Piastów śląskich'', Second Edition, Kraków 2007, part III, pp. 542–543; M. Furmanek, S. Kulpa, ''Zamek wodzisławski i jego właściciele'', Wodzisław Śląski 2003, pp. 21–22; J. Horwat, ''Piastowie górnośląscy'', () "Rocznik Muzeum Górnośląskiego w Bytomiu. Historia", No. 8, Bytom 2007, p. 46.〕 based on Constance's titles showed in sources: Duchess of Racibórz and Duchess of Wodzisław, she was the daughter of Duke Przemysław of Racibórz. Certainly she remained unmarried and settled in Wodzisław (which probably was her own independent Duchy) until her death.
==Life==
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